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Puyehue-Cordón Caulle

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The Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex in the Andes Mountains of southern Chile is composed of the Puyehue stratovolcano and the Cordón Caulle fissure system. Its rhyolitic magma composition leads to explosive eruptions and the production of pyroclastic flows. The 2011-2012 eruption from the Cordón Caulle fissure ejected substantial ash and pumice, causing major disruptions to air travel and impacting local communities. This event demonstrated the complex’s potential for significant regional and global effects due to its explosive nature and the widespread dispersal of volcanic ash. The Puyehue-Cordón Caulle complex remains an active and dynamic geological feature.

Location: Southern Chile
Coordinates: -40.583333, -72.112302
Volcano Type: Complex

 

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle’s Location

 

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle’s Latest Status

2024: Not Active.

 

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle’s Eruptive History

Year Eruptive Activity
~34,000 BP Onset of bimodal volcanism, producing both basaltic andesite and rhyodacite lava flows and pyroclastic deposits.
~19,000 BP Shift towards more silicic volcanism, with eruptions of dacitic and rhyolitic lava flows and domes, accompanied by pyroclastic flows and ashfall.
1739 Possible eruption, though historical records are uncertain. May have involved ashfall and minor lava flows.
1893 Small eruption with limited documented activity. Likely involved minor ash emissions and possibly lava flows.
1905 Small eruption, similar in scale to the 1893 event. Details are scarce.
1921-1922 Sub-Plinian eruption from the Cordón Caulle fissure, generating a significant ash plume that reached several kilometers in height. Ashfall was reported in surrounding areas and caused disruption. VEI 3.
1929 Explosive eruption from the Cordón Caulle fissure, producing pyroclastic flows and ashfall.
1934 Another explosive eruption from the Cordón Caulle fissure, with similar characteristics to the 1929 event.
1960 Explosive sub-Plinian eruption from the Cordón Caulle fissure, triggered by the massive Valdivia earthquake. Generated a significant ash column and pyroclastic flows, impacting nearby communities and causing lahars. VEI 3.
2011-2012 Major eruption from the Cordón Caulle fissure, producing a massive ash plume that reached heights of 10-15 km and caused widespread disruption to air travel across the Southern Hemisphere. Significant pyroclastic flows and lava flows were also generated. VEI 5.

 

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Monitoring

For monitoring of this volcano, please refer to SERNAGEOMIN.

 

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Images

 

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