A vigorous hydrothermal eruption has commenced at Dofen volcano, characterised by the forceful ejection of a gas, steam, mud. This event, situated within the seismically active Afar region of the East African Rift system, warrants close observation due to its potential implications for greater volcanic hazards.
Hydrothermal eruption at Dofen (FBC)
Dofen, a shield volcano with a history of fumarolic activity, is constructed primarily of rhyolitic lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. The current hydrothermal eruption, is likely the result of an interaction of water with a shallow magmatic intrusion or a geothermal reservoir heated by underlying magmatic activity. The rapid vaporisation of water generates explosive pressure release, fragmenting surrounding rocks and propelling them skyward along with steam and gases.
Since December 2024, the region has experienced a sustained swarm of earthquakes, with magnitudes exceeding 5.0. The epicenters cluster between Dofen and Fentale, suggesting a possible magmatic intrusion at depth.
inSAR data has revealed significant ground deformation in the area, indicating inflation consistent with magmatic intrusion. This uplift further supports the hypothesis that magma is ascending beneath the surface, potentially influencing both Dofen and Fentale.
Fentale, a stratovolcano with a history of explosive eruptions, is a major concern in the region. While the current activity is centered on Dofen, the shared magmatic system and interconnectedness of these volcanoes raise the possibility that the unrest could propagate to Fentale.