The Fentale volcanic complex in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is experiencing heightened concern due to a recent surge in seismic activity near the volcano.
Fentale is an active volcano located in the central sector of the MER, characterised by a complex interplay of tectonic extension and magmatic processes. The volcano has a history of seismic unrest, with notable swarms occurring in the past. This recent earthquake activity near Fentale has prompted renewed attention to this volcanic center and the potential for future eruptions.
Beginning in late December 2024, a series of earthquakes were detected near Fentale volcano. These events were shallow, with most hypocenters located within the upper crust. The seismicity exhibited a clustered pattern, concentrated primarily beneath the northeastern flank of the volcano. Recent earthquake data reveals a concerning trend: an uptick in shallow seismic events near the volcano and all occurring at depths less than 10 kilometers.
Earthquakes over the past 7 days
Earthquake damage near Fentale
Potential causes include:
- Magmatic Intrusion: The ascent of magma can generate stress changes in the surrounding rocks.
- Tectonic Extension: The MER is a zone of active continental rifting, characterised by ongoing extension and faulting. Tectonic stresses can trigger earthquakes along pre-existing faults or create new fractures in the crust.
- Hydrothermal Activity: Fentale hosts an active hydrothermal system. Fluid pressurisation within this system can induce seismicity, particularly in areas of high permeability.
Ground cracks from earthquakes near Fentale
Analysis of a Sentinel-1 interferogram produced by UNIPI provides compelling evidence of significant ground deformation near Fentale volcano. The interferogram reveals 10-12 inflation fringes (more including partials), indicating up to ~34 centimeters of uplift in the affected area. This translates to a rapid inflation rate of 5-6 centimeters per day, further reinforcing concerns about escalating volcanic activity.
Analysis of Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI satellite data has revealed no detectable increase in volcanic gas emissions at this time.
The recent unrest at Fentale volcano presents a complex and potentially hazardous situation. The significant ground deformation and escalating earthquake activity raises concerns about possible volcanic activity. Continued monitoring of seismicity, ground deformation, and gas release is crucial for assessing the evolving risk and providing timely warnings to nearby communities.