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Mount Merapi is a steep stratovolcano located north of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia, erupting on average every five to ten years. Merapi is also feared for its deadly pyroclastic flows.
Location: | Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
Coordinates: | 7.540085, 110.445753 |
Volcano Type: | Stratovolcano |
Mount Merapi’s Location
Mount Merapi’s Latest Status
2024: Regular incandescent rockfall continues, sometimes producing minor pyroclastic flows. Merapi’s lava domes continue to grow.
Mount Merapi’s Eruptive History
8780 BCE | Oldest radiocarbon dated eruption |
1969 | Dome collapse and pyroclastic flows down the SW-flank valleys. |
1984 | June – eruption with significant pyroclastic flows reaching 7km. Ashfalls reports in Magelang and Salatiga. |
1992 | Increased seismicity, incandescent rock falls, growing lava dome and pyroclastic flows. |
1994 | Pyroclastic flows related to a dome-collapse kill 41 people on the SSW flank. |
1996 | Vigorous plumes reaching 4000m and pyroclastic flows. 5000 people evacuated. |
2001 | Collapse of the lava dome causes major eruption with ash rising to 2000m and ashfalls to 20km. Pyroclastic flows sweep down the W flanks. |
2011 | October – Major eruption prompting the evacuation of 300,000. 386 total deaths. Ash plume rising to 40,000m. Steaming lahars descended Merapi’s flanks. |
2018 | Phreatic eruptions with ash rising to 5,500 meters. |
2020 | March – Ongoing eruptions rising to 5000 meters. There have been 13 eruptions since September 2019 |
2022 | Extreme Pursuit field visit – Two (growing) lava domes observed. Regular incandescent rockfall. |
2023 | March 2023: After many months of lava dome growth, a massive eruption occurred on March 11, 2023. This led to a series of large pyroclastic flows. |
2024 | Regular incandescent rockfall continues, sometimes producing minor pyroclastic flows. Merapi’s lava domes continue to grow. |
Mount Merapi Monitoring
For monitoring of Indonesian Volcanoes, please refer to PVMBG.
Mount Merapi Images
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